Beneath the symbols and secrecy, Freemasonry helped connect the intellectual and political currents that fueled modern revolutions from Europe to Manila.
This is some serious grudge-holding by an institution known for holding grudges for millennia.
Back in 1738, Pope Clement XII got his vestments in a knot over the Freemasons. There was an investigation in Italy, and then a nasty wrangle with a French cardinal. So Clement XII issued In Eminenti, which forbade Catholics from joining the ...
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