Sharks Once Roamed the Waters of Taal Lake. Where Are They Now?

Taal Lake is losing its endemic creatures rapidly.
ILLUSTRATION: KARL BELTRAN

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>pTaal Lake was once a sanctuary of marine species. At one point, it was home to over 80 species of fish. That was more than 30 years ago when researchers Aida Alzona and Eliadora Mercene published in 1990 in the Philippine Journal of Fisheries their survey on migratory fishes in Taal Lake and Pansipit River. >pBut it was the country’s late director of Fisheries, Deogracias V. Villadolid, who described the presence of bull sharks in Taal Lake in his paper published in the Philippine Journal of Science in 1934. >pBull Shark>h3

Photo by Ian Scott.

>pAccording to Villadolid, the bull sharks were the largest fish that swam in the lake. The sharks accessed the lake through the Pansipit River, which connected the lake to Balayan Bay adjacent to the West Philippine Sea. >pVilladolid’s 1934 study mentions that the fry of migratory fishes used the Pansipit River to migrate into friendlier waters where fewer fishes could prey on them. They reached Taal Lake where they grew into adults, then exited through the river again to breed in the estuary between the river and Balayan Bay. >p“Bull sharks are one of the few requiem sharks that can enter freshwater,” Gregg Yan, environmentalist, tells Esquire Philippines. >pNow, the lake is no longer connected to the sea because of changes in geography caused by Taal Volcano’s eruptions. >p“Before, Taal Lake was connected to the sea and it was fully marine, then brackish, then now after 300 plus years, fully freshwater,” Yan said. >pThe Last Sighting of Bull Sharks>h2Bull sharks are now extinct in Taal Lake and Pansipit River, and could never return because the lake is no longer connected to Balayan Bay. >p“According to the famed zoologist Dioscoro S. Rabor, bull sharks were abundant in Taal Lake but were exterminated by overfishing in the 1930s,” said Yan. >p“They were probably either hunted down to levels wherein it’s difficult to keep a breeding population stable,  or their preys were affected which is why their own population also vanished. But it’s probably the former.”>pUnique Species in Taal Lake That Could Go the Same Way as the Bull Shark>h2Today, Taal Lake is no longer the pristine lake it used to be in the 1900s. Just like Lake Lanao, its population of endemic species is threatened by the introduction of invasive species of fish that prey on them. >pTawilis>h3

Photo by Gregg Yan.

>pTawilis, the world’s only freshwater sardine, is in danger of disappearing forever, not only because of overfishing but also because of the presence of tilapia in the lake. >p“Owing to a combination of overfishing, pollution, and invasion from farmed African tilapia, Tawilis numbers have plummeted by as much as 50 percent in the last decade,” said Yan. >pMaliputo>h3

Photo by Mario Alvaro Limos.